Implementation of Problem-Based Learning with a Deep Learning Approach to Improve Elementary Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

Abstract

This study is situated within the context of the increasing need to develop students’ critical thinking skills as part of 21st-century competencies, particularly in elementary education where meaningful and active learning is essential. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of implementing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with a Deep Learning approach in improving students’ critical thinking skills in IPAS (Integrated Natural and Social Sciences) learning. This study employed a quantitative approach using Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The participants were fourth-grade students of SDN 1 Blang Mangat. Data were collected through observation and written tests based on critical thinking indicators, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ critical thinking skills, as indicated by the increase in learning mastery from 60% in Cycle I to 85% in Cycle II. In addition, students demonstrated higher engagement, active participation in discussions, and improved ability to analyze and solve contextual problems. These findings suggest that the integration of PBL with a Deep Learning approach not only enhances students’ critical thinking skills but also promotes meaningful and student-centered learning. Therefore, this approach can be considered an effective instructional strategy for improving the quality of learning in elementary schools, particularly in fostering higher-order thinking skills.